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Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes PDF Download: Tamil Nadu STD 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes

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Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes PDF Download: Tamil Nadu STD 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes PDF Download: Tamil Nadu STD 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes


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Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Notes PDF Download

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Board

Tamilnadu Board

Study Material

Notes

Class

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science

Subject

10th Science

Chapter

Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals

Format

PDF

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Samacheer Kalvi Books

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Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Chapter 13 Structural Organisation of Animals Chapterwise Notes PDF

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a herbivorous mode of feeding?
Answer:
The caecum is a thin – walled sac present at the Junction of the small intestine and large intestine. It contains bacteria, that helps in digestion of cellulose. So the digestive system of Rabbit is suited for a herbivorous mode of feeding.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Structural Organisation of Animals Additional Questions Solved

I. Match the following.

Question 1.

1. Segmentation (a) Hirudin
2. Gregarious (b) Vagina
3. Blood clotting (c) Metamerism
4. Four chambered (d) Move-in groups
5. Oviducts (e) Septum

Answer:
1. (c) Metamerism
2. (d) Move-in groups
3. (a) Hirudin
4. (e) Septum
5. (b) Vagina.

II. Choose the correct pair.

Question 1.
The digestion of cellulose in rabbit takes place in:
(a) vemiform appendix
(b) colon
(c) caecum
(d) ileum
Answer:
(c) caecum

Question 2.
(a) Ureter and Dermis
(b) Clitella and Mouth
(c) Vagina and Egg case
(d) Sucker and Small intestine.
Answer:
(c) Vagina and Egg case

Question 3.
Total number of incisors teeth in rabbit is:
(a) 8
(b) 6
(c) 10
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 6

Question 4.
(a) Mouth and Metamerism
(b) Ganglion and Colon
(c) Intestine and Integument
(d) Expiration and Inspiration.
Answer:
(d) Expiration and Inspiration

Question 5.
(a) Sweat glands and Sebaceous glands
(b) Triradiate and Thoracic
(c) Trachea and Tricuspid
(d) Seminiferous and Sansuivorous.
Answer:
(a) Sweat glands and Sebaceous glands

III. Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
In leech, the ______ tissue lies beneath longitudinal muscles and fills the entire colon around the gut.
Answer:
Botryoidal.

Question 2.
_____ teeth are absent in Rabbit.
Answer:
Canine.

Question 3.
Digestion in leech takes place in the stomach by the action of ______ enzyme.
Answer:
Proteolytic.

Question 4.
The anterior part of the windpipe is enlarged to form ______ or _____.
Answer:
Larynx or Voicebox.

Question 5.
The opening of the pulmonary artery and Aorta are guarded by three ________ valves.
Answer:
Semilunar.

Question 6.
The coelomic fluid contains _____.
Answer:
Haemoglobin.

Question 7.
The Jaws of Leeches are provided with _____.
Answer:
Papillae.

Question 8.
The pain of testes is enclosed by a sac called _____.
Answer:
Scrotal Sac.

Question 9.
Central Nervous System consists of _______ and _____.
Answer:
Brain, Spinal Chord.

Question 10.
Autonomous nervous system comprises _______ and _____.
Answer:
Sympathetic, Parasympathetic.

Question 11.
Each kidney is made up of several _____.
Answer:
Nephrons.

Question 12.
In Rabbits, as male and female sexes are separate, _____ is exhibited.
Answer:
Sexual dimorphism.

Question 13.
The other name for the voice box is _____ and the other name for the windpipe is _____.
Answer:
Larynx, Trachea.

Question 14.
The right and left ventricles are separated by _____.
Answer:
Inter Ventricular Septum

Question 15.
The external ear or ______ is situated at the top of the head in Rabbits.
Answer:
Pinnae.

IV. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The largest portion of the Alimentary Canal in Leech is _____.
(a) Mouth
(b) Pharynx
(c) Oesophagus
(d) Crop.
Answer:
(d) Crop.

Question 2.
In Leech, the dense network of tiny blood vessels, containing Haemocoelic fluid is called _____.
(a) Artery
(b) Capillaries
(c) Vein
(d) Blood Vessel.
Answer:
(b) Capillaries

Question 3.
Body wall of Leech includes ______ layers.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 4.
Answer:
(c) 5

Question 4.
In female Rabbits, these four or five structures are present on the ventral surface between the thorax and abdomen _____.
(a) Nipples or Trets
(b) Limbs
(c) Vibrissae
(d) Diaphragm.
Answer:
(a) Nipples or Trets

Question 5.
In male rabbits, this structure is found in the ventral side of Anus _____.
(a) Claws
(b) Sweat glands
(c) Penis
(d) Abdomen.
Answer:
(c) Penis

V. Read the following statements and correct them, if it is not true.

Question 1.
Dorsal surface of Leech is Orange Yellow or Red in colour.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Dorsal surface of Leech is Olive green in colour.

Question 2.
The clitellum is formed on segments 9 to 11, which is meant to produce cocoon, during the breeding season.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
The lower side of the thoracic cavity in Rabbit is the dome-shaped Sternum.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: The lower side of the thoracic cavity in Rabbit is the dome-shaped Diaphragm.

Question 4.
Mammary glands are the modified glands of the skin.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
The supra pharyngeal ganglion lies below the Pharynx and is formed by the fusion of four pairs of Ganglia.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: The sub pharyngeal ganglion lies below the Pharynx and is formed by the fusion of four pairs of Ganglia.

VI. Find the Odd One Out.

Question 1.
Cuticle, Epidermis, Sphincters, Muscular layer.
Answer:
Sphincters.

Question 2.
Undigested food, Genital pore, Rectum, Anus.
Answer:
Genital pore.

Question 3.
Gregarious, Thorax, Abdomen, Pinnae.
Answer:
Gregarious.

Question 4.
Nephrons, Nitrogenous waste, Scrotal Sac, Urea.
Answer:
Scrotal Sac.

Question 5.
Teats or Nipples, Hairs, Claws, Nails
Answer:
Teats or Nipples.

V. Answer the following in a word or sentence.

Question 1.
Where is mouth located in Leech?
Answer:
The mouth is located in the middle of the Anterior Sucker.

Question 2.
List out the structures derived from the skin of rabbit.
Answer:
The structures derived from the skin of rabbit are hair, claws, nails and glands like sweat glands, sebaceous glands and mammary glands.

Question 3.
What is Epiglottis?
Answer:
Epiglottis is a flap, in the neck, which prevents the entry of food into the trachea through the glottis.

Question 4.
The excretory system of rabbit is called a urinogenital system?
Answer:
The Urinogenital system of rabbit comprises the urinary system and genital or reproductive system. So they are called urinogenital system.

Question 5.
Where are Annular and Segmental receptors located?
Answer:
Annular receptors are located in each annulus and Segmental receptors are located on the first annulus of each segment.

Question 6.
What are Vibrissae?
Answer:
In Rabbit, from each side of upper lip tactile hairs or Whiskers present, which are called Vibrissae.

Question 7.
What is the scientific name of rabbit?
Answer:
The scientific name of rabbit is Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Question 8.
Which glands regulate the body temperature of Rabbits?
Answer:
The Sweat glands and Sebaceous glands embedded in the skin regulate the body temperature of Rabbits.

VI. Answer Briefly.

Question 1.
Explain the Excretory System of Leech briefly.
Answer:
In Leech, excretion takes place by segmentally arranged paired tubules called Nephridia. There are 17 pairs of Nephridia, which open out by nephridiopores from 6th to 22nd segments.

Question 2.
Explain the types of coelom in leech.
Answer:
Leech contains special longitudinal canals called haemocoelic canals filled with a blood like fluid called haemocolic fluid. This type of coelom is called Haemocoel.

Question 3.
What are Receptors? Write a short note on Receptors.
Answer:
Sensory projections are called Receptors on the dorsal side, there are five pairs of eyes on the first five segments. Annular receptors are located in each Annulus and segmental receptors are located on the first annulus of each segment.

Question 4.
What is hermaphrodite?
Answer:
If the male and female reproductive organs are present in the same animals, ‘ then the organism is said to hermaphrodite.

Question 5.
Name three accessory glands, which involve in the male reproductive system of Rabbit.
Answer:

  • Prostate gland
  • Cowper’s gland
  • Perineal gland.

Their secretion involved in Reproduction.

Question 6.
Name the following:
(a) Three membranes, which cover the Brain in Rabbit
(b) Division of brain
Answer:
(a) Three membranes, which cover the Brain in Rabbit

  • Dura mater
  • Inner Piameter
  • Arachnoid membrane.

(b) Division of brain

  1. Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
  2. Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  3. Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon).

Question 7.
Write a note on Medicinal value of Leech.
Answer:

  1. Leeches breaks up blood clots.
  2. Increases blood circulation
  3. Leeches are used to treat cardio vascular diseases.
  4. Saliva of leeches are used in the preparation of drugs that can treat hypertension.

Question 8.
With the Tabular Column, mention the Divisions of the body of Leech.
Answer:

Region Segments
Cephalic region 1st – 5th
Pre-clitellar region 6th, 7th and 8th
Clitellar region 9th, 10th and 11th
Middle region 12th – 22nd
Caudal region 23rd – 26th
Posterior sucker 27th – 33rd

Question 9.
Explain the hermaphrodite structure of leech.
Answer:
Leech is hermaphrodite because it contain both male and female genital organ in same animal.
Male Reproductive system: It is formed of: (i) Testes, (ii) Vas efferens, (Hi) Epididymis, (iv) Ejaculatory ducts and atrium.

There are eleven pairs of testes, one pair in each segment from 12 to 22 segments. They are in the form of spherical sacs called testes sacs. From each testes arises a short duct called vas efferens, which join with the vas deferens. The vas deferens becomes convoluted to form the epididymis or sperm vesicle, to store spermatozoa.

The epididymis leads to a short duct called ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory ducts on both sides join to form the genital atrium. The atrium consists of two regions, the coiled prostate glands and the penial sac consisting of penis that opens through the male genital pore.

Female Reproductive system : It consists of ovaries, oviducts and vagina. There is a single pair of ovary in the 11th segment on the ventral side. Each ovary is a coiled ribbon-shaped structure. The ova are budded off from the ovary. From each ovary runs a short oviduct. The oviducts of the two sides joins together, to form a common oviduct. The common oviduct opens into a pear-shaped vagina which lies mid-ventrally in the posterior part of the 11th segment.

VIII. Label the following diagrams.

Question 1.
Draw and label the female Reproductive System of Rabbit.
Answer:

Question 2.
Draw and label the Digestive System of Leech.
Answer:

Question 3.
Draw and label the Brain of the rabbit.
Answer:

Question 4.
Draw and label the Lung of Rabbit.
Answer:

IX. Answer the following in Detail.

Question 1.
Explain the Digestive System of Rabbit with a neat labelled diagram.
Answer:
Teeth are hard, bone – like structures used to cut, tear and grind the food materials. The digestive system includes the Alimentary canal and the associated digestive glands. The alimentary canal consists of a mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and anus. The mouth is a transverse slit, bounded by upper and lower lips.

It leads to a buccal cavity muscular tongue is at the floor of the buccal cavity. Jaws bear teeth. Buccal cavity leads into Oesophagus. Oesophagus opens into the stomach followed by the small intestine. The thin-walled Sac, called Caecum, present at the Junction of the small intestine and large intestine, contains bacteria, which helps in digestion of cellulose.

The digestive glands such as salivary glands, gastric glands, Liver, Pancreas and intestinal glands secrete digestive juices, which help in the digestion of food in the Alimentary canal. After digestion, from the small intestine, the undigested food and wastes enter into the large intestine, which has colon and rectum. The rectum opens outside by the Anus.

Question 2.
Explain the male and the female Reproductive system of Leech with a neat labelled diagram.
Answer:
Leech is hermaphrodite, both the male and female reproductive organs are present in the same.
Male Reproductive system: There are eleven pairs of testes, one pair in each segment from 12 to 22 segments. They are in the form of Spherical Sacs called testes sacs. From each testis arises a short duct called Vas efferents, which join with the Vas deferens.

The Vas deferens becomes convoluted to form the epididymis or sperm vesicle, to store spermatozoa. The epididymis leads to a short duct called the ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct on both sides joins to form Genital Atrium. The Atrium consists of prostate glands and the Penial sac, with Penis, that opens through the genital pore.

Female Reproductive system: It consists of Ovaries, Oviducts and Vagina. Each ovary is coiled, ribbon-shaped, and the single pair of the ovary is in the 11th segment. The Ova are budded off from the ovary. From each ovary runs a short oviduct, and the oviducts of two sides join together, to form a common Oviduct, which opens into a pear-shaped Vagina. Vagina lies mid ventrally in the posterior part of 11th segment.

Internal fertilisation takes place. This is followed by cocoon formation. The cocoon or egg case is formed around 9th, 10th and 11th segments. Development directs, proceeds in a cocoon, which contain one to 24 embryos. The emerging young leech resembles the adult Leech.

Question 3.
Explain the Circulatory system of Rabbit with a neat labelled diagram of a Heart.
(i) Observe the external morphology of leech specimen in your biology laboratory.
(ii) Can you find leeches in your locality?
(iii) In which geographical areas are leeches found more predominantly in India?
Answer:
The Circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels and Heart. The Heart is pear-shaped, lies in between the lungs, in the thoracic cavity. The heart is covered by a double-layered Pericardium. The Heart is four-chambered, with two Auricles and two ventricles. The right and the left ventricles are separated by inter auricular septum. The right and the left ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum. The right auricle opens into the right ventricle, by right Auriculoventricular aperture, guarded by a tricuspid valve. The left auricle opens into the left ventricle by left Auriculoventricular aperture, guarded by a bicuspid valve or Mitral valve. The opening of the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta are guarded by three semilunar valves.

The right Auricle receives deoxygenated blood through two Precaval (superior vena cava) and one postcaval (Inferior vena cava) veins from all parts of the body. The left auricle receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins from the lungs.
From the right ventricle arises Pulmonary trunk, which carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and from the left ventricle arises the systemic arch (aorta) which supplies Oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

(i) Observe the external morphology of Leech in the preserved bottle specimens in the Biology Laboratory.
(ii) No, Not in our areas. The Leeches are common in hilly areas
(iii) Most Leech species are found in shallow, slow-moving freshwater and moist soil on land.

IX. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
How were Leeches used in Ancient times?
Answer:
Leeches were used in medicines from Ancient times. Until the 19th century, Leeches were used to draw blood from patients.

Question 2.
How are Leeches used in modern times?
Answer:
In modem times, Leeches find medical use in the treatment of Joint diseases such as Epicondylitis and Osteoarthritis, Extremity vein diseases and Microsurgery. Hirudin is a valuable dmg for some blood clotting disorders. There are doctors who will use Leeches to treat muscle cramps.

Question 3.
What is the benefit of Rabbit?
Answer:
Rabbit meat is white meat of high quality, easily digestible with low fat, low cholesterol and high protein compared to most other meats. It is an excellent source of vitamins B3 and B12, minerals, and trace elements (Phosphorus, Potassium and Selenium) Rabbit meat is an excellent balance of fatty acids, Omega 3 than chicken or pork.


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